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英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。

如：He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it)

— Doyou think she isclever?

— I think so. (so代替 she is clever)

(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。

(2) "so 与 not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be

afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。

E.g. — Is it correct?

— I"m afraid not. (not correct)

(3) "to" 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be,

afraid, etc.

E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the

party)

(4) "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。

Eg. — He gave up studying English.

— Why did he do so? (=give up studying English)

— The dish tastes nice.

— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)

(此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。

(5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。

E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?

— Is he?(这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。)

— Will he come back in time?

— Perhaps.(省略了he will come back in time.)

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